microbiology paramecium under microscope Living organisms require energy to live. We call these paramecium phylum heterotrophs and they…eat.

But while a whale must swim through paramecium phylum microbiology giant clouds of small organisms, in the micro cosmos, your food can come to you.

Some of the best and most obvious filter feeders are rotifers, micro-animals that use ciliato paramecium phylum create swirling vortices around their mouth parts.

You can actually see them with the naked eye and they also paramecium phylum use filter feeding to push all of their algal food into their cell mouths Our second feeding microbiology mechanism,

Many of these micro organisms are microbiology armed with something called toxicysts. as Oscillatoria here Another raptorial feeding style is called histophagy.

It specializes in feeding on filamentous algae. First, it bores a hole through the algal cell wall and then slurps out the gooey, nutritious cytoplasm Our final feeding mechanism, microbiology for today at least, is diffusion feeding, the “sun animalcule”. The rays are called axopodia.

After the organism is captured, those micro tubules are drawn back into the paramecium phylum cell, thus retracting the axopodia and allowing the cell to microbiology swallow the unlucky organism, or prey. Surprisingly heartbreaking.

It’s a dangerous world out there. And so predation evolved.

paramecium under microscope human mouth is store room of micro organisms

you may find your selves suddenly gripped by a desire to clean.

our master of microscopes. kindly ate a lot of sugary food and microbiology skipped brushing her teeth for two days to When Ela texted James that quote, “My mouth is totally gross and perfect.

these, under favorable circumstances are capable of manifesting microbiology an action of the atmost paramecium phylum significance upon the local as well as the general health of the patient. This statement would be the foundation of a paramecium phylum major shift in our understanding of tooth decay.

But the chemo-parasitic theory gave a more paramecium phylum specific—and accurate—frame work to think about how we clean our teeth, and it would shape much of microbiology how we approached dental diseasein the 20th century, including brushing your teeth, flossing, and the addition of fluoride to tooth paste. But while Miller’s work helped us paramecium phylum uncover the idea of microbes as a mass interacting with our teeth, it turns out that understanding the specific roles of.

microbe itself is causing disease. It has a name that you might immediately microbiology associate with gingivitis, and for good reason: this protist is found in high numbers in people with period. paramecium phylum But again, that doesn’t necessarily mean this protist actually causes the disease.

The oral microbiome is one of the largest and most diverse paramecium phylum microbiomes in your bodies, second only to the microbiome of our guts.

paramecium phylum peramicium under microscope paramecium under microscope

I want to tell you how cells can eat other cells well specifically I would like to microbiology show you how ciliates such as paramecium and morticella among others of course are how they are able to hunt for bacteria now this here is a Time Lapse of paramecium phylum some ciliates that are moving around in my mic on the microscope slide and they’re looking around for food and those cells can be found in aquatic environments.

They’re known for their tiny hair like structures that help them move around and those little here that you find on the surface of these cells these are called cilia and they’re not microbiology paramecium phylum only for movement but of course also very important and for catching food for them now both paramesium and vorticella they feed on bacteria to survive.

The yuse their little cilia the little hair on the surface to create a water microbiology current that brings bacteria and other small particles towards them and especially microbiology vorticel is able to create a visible paramecium phylum Vortex which is a circular movement of water sure and this is of course also the reason why scientists gave a vorticello the name that it has because of the water vortex that is able to create now once the bacteria are close enough.

The ciliate uses a special part of their cell called the cytostome to gobble up the bacteria and to bring them inside so the cytostume that is essentially the mouth of the cell and from there the bacteria are then digested and the ciliate gets the nutrients that it needs for growth and for energy now the bacteria are engulfed and then they are end up in.

The so-called a food vacuole inside the cell and the cell the ciliate will then microbiology use enzymes to break down the food that it caught and the nutrients are then absorbed into the cell and any left overs are expelled again over a so-called anal pore now one of the things that is really evident here is in this blog is the enormous size difference between the bacteria and the ciliates.

The ciliates are not only much larger but they’re also significantly more complex than the bacteria now you are able to look into them and then you’re able to see a variety microbiology of different structures the so-called the cell organelles bacteria on the other hand they are significantly simpler and despite these obvious differences between the different cell types.

microbiology the most knownable topic

They’re still basically cells this means that they have DNA and also certain basic biochemical events are also quite similar but why is the feeding so important for celiates well this is of course how they get their energy from and also the nutrients they need those nutrients for growls their ants for reproduction because after all when a cell has grown sufficiently insize.

it’s then able to divide into two but some where the cell paramecium phylum material must come from and that is from the food that it’s eaten so basically all of the proteins the DNA all of those macro molecules are made from building blocks that come from the food that the cell has eaten now these micro organisms play also a very important roles in our environment.

for example

They keep the bacterial population in check by eating up the bacteria paramecium phylum and they also play an important part in the break down and cleaning up of dead plant and animal material so when they break down and digest and then respire the organic substances they produce CO2 and this way carbon is again returned into nature are oval shaped and can move around using the Cilia but morticello they look quite different they have this bell-shaped structure and in many cases.

They are attached to a surface as there are of course some Motel stages as well after they reproduce for example however they are able to retract and pull together quite quickly in case of danger and of course you already probably know that sometimes or very often those ciliates are also an important source for food for fish and therefore you might paramecium phylum have some problems finding a lot of them in an aquarium because the fish they like to eat.

Them up and then one more last thing ciliates can sense and move towards ears of higher oxygen concentration and this helps paramecium phylum them to find the best environment for growth and for reproduction both ciliates and bacteria in this blog here have now moved to the edge of the cover glass where there is most oxygen and this is also the place where they meet and this is also the place where now The Feeding Frenzy takes place you can see how.

The ciliate is swimming into the bacteria and how it’s able to suck them in so here we have here we’ve got it um so that’s uh basically how ciliates including paramecium vorticella and many others how they feed on bacteria.

CHILI PEPPERS too hot for Paramecium

These are thousands of permissions these are single-celled protists and red hot chili pepper one it doesn’t matter because the substance that is so hot is called capsaicin and many of these permissivity die when they get a too high of a concentration of this substance and this to paramecium phylum you but of course there is a little bit of paramecium phylum science also involved paramecium phylum here because to try to use lower concentrations and i’ve discovered that this actually might also anesthetize them and this is very convenient.

paramecium phylum Because when they stop moving then it’s easier to observe them well i’m going to show you first how the normal movement is then later on how i’m going to add some of this chili pepper substance to the paramecia well i’ve taken a water sample i’ve been breeding them and growing them and you can see here the normal movement is they move around yeah in a more or less a straight manner and when they bump intoan object then.

paramecium under microscope

They reverse the direction that’s normally the things that they do and this is the normal movement and you can also see here even at a higher concentration they start to move around in a very normal way and later on to add a little bit of this chili and what do now is simply i cut off a little piece of of the spicy chili and i squeezed it very hard to squeeze out.

The the sap ofthe chili and this is of course the liquid that be using and that i’ll be adding to the paramecia now what i’ve been doing is the following i’ve been first squeezing it out and then i did not directly mix it in with the pyremesia yet but i added the substance a little bit later and i also tried to dilute it a little bit and i tried different concentrations and i discovered that depending on the concentration the pyremicia started to behave a little bit differently so.

This is not the normal movement of the pyramid you can see that very few of them are actually in resting almost all of them are moving around and when i added a little bit paramecium phylum of this right now this capsaicin containing sap then uh it slowly started to diffuse be neath the cover glass and then look what happens they stopped moving that’s kind of an interesting paramecium phylum observation apparently a low concentration of the chile anesthetizes them and.

I think that’s very convenient because this way you can observe them much better and you can also observe much better of what is going on inside the cell normally if you want to calm down paramecia what you do is you add a highly viscous substance that kind of slows them down a little bit because then they cannot move as freely any more but apparently a little bit of this substance here is also having an effect here at a slightly higher concentration look.

What they’re doing they’re starting to spin yeah they’re actually rotating around one of the axis and they’re starting to rotate it around and moving to one direction but that’s also quite interesting and it’s also something new that i discovered and this is only when the concentration seems to be a little bit a little bit higher but then.

See that actually many of them actually start to die off and they stop moving paramecium phylum and then yeah they’re dead as we’ve already seen before but right now the concentration node is not yet paramecium phylum high enough but here if you move down a little bit you can see that many of them already have died and then of course they’re just scattered around it’s a little bit pretty sad looking i have to tell you but then again i’ve got so many more in my little jar and middle glass.

Because i’ve been breeding them precisely for this very purpose now they do not have a nervous system that’s also very important because i know that some of the viewers are going to be very upset because of that because i already made previous blog where i’ve shown some of those pyramids to die because they are the last they broke open and then some people got very upset but i can assure you.

They don’t have a nervous system and therefore they’re not able to feel any pain and ultimately they’re gonna die anyway when paramecium phylum the water sample dries up and here you see that over here that some of them have already stopped moving and here what we see here now this line this is the edge of the cover glass and you’re able to see that.

Here on your left side this is the area where there is a high concentration of the chile and on the right side this is where the cover glass is isn’t this what is the safe area and as soon as sparamecium phylum ome of those pyramids are swimming out of the cover glass into the chili area then they immediately paramecium phylum start to spin very rapidly and they start to move off so this kind of kind of messes up a little bit.

The function of the cilia i guess yeah some of them you might also be able to see that they’re moving back up beneath the cover glass and then they’re safe again but just compare the movement a little bit those are beneath the cover glass are kind of moving relatively normally but as soon as they go into the left area into the dangerous danger zone so to say.

This is start to spin very quickly and they start to move and almost shoot off very quickly but this is only observable at a higher concentration because as a lower constant concentration they kind of stop movement and stop moving and it kind of anesthetizes them and as i showed you before yeah here again now here the danger area is on the right side and as you see as soon as it moves over.

It starts to spin and that’s it all right now is it the capsizing actually or could it be any other substance well maybe of course hit’s possible that it maybe other substances are also involved here but we know that capsizing actually has a highly dis infectant function and therefore spicy food can be stored also much better also in warmer regions in the world people often eat very spicy food.

Because it prevents actually the growth of of micro organisms now here again you can see that they’re moving from one area into the other one and then they immediately start to yeah to go out of control a little bit and to die here it already died before it was even able to reach the highly paramecium phylum concentrated area here well this is a very interesting one i’ve all of a sudden seeing that many of them were close to together and moving and thereas on is is.

Because everywhere else there was the chili liquid and so they kind of moved paramecium phylum away from it and they kind of clustered together in that area which was still safe and the further away you go you can see that the more they start spinning and going out of control because this is the place where the concentration is much higher yeah here again you see many of them spinning around and ultimately then dying and sometimes they’re spinning one axis in the other case among.

The other axis so it’s kind of a little bit completely out of control that’s something that i would actually study a little bit further by not using a chili like this but actually using a pure capsizing powder or substance or a top to dissolve it i guess a little bit in in a little bit of oil or so because the substance is not very well dissolvable in water but here you see they are now rotating into the other direction here.

Now i wonder why this is the case and i think kind of interesting to see how the response is different depending on different paramecium phylum concentrations here and but this one already was at a higher concentration if it’s too high then they stopped moving right away and then you have even seen that some of the cells actually popped open and and spilled their cell contents so it’s it’s quite interesting to see.

The effect of for disinfecting substances natural disinfecting substances on the on micro organisms here and if you also look very carefully then you’re also sometimes able to see that they paramecium phylum also change the shape a little bit and they all start to lose water a little bit here again they start spinning around and dancing around it’s a very unusual behavior and then others again spin along the longitudinal axis lots of things that one can experiment around.

Here now what i have to do now is i’ll have to of course also check this with maybe other peppers that do not contain that are not so spicy because maybe it’s all these also other substances that can be found in plants that have a certain effect on the movement of the perimeter it doesn’t have to be the spicy substance i’ve been just assuming this because the literature actually documents that it’s a spicy substance.

That actually and has this disinfectant property here they look a little bit thicker right now because the cover glass is kind of squeezing them a little bit and therefore they’re only able to rotate in one direction here and this is why they also look a little bit thicker and they cannot paramecium phylum move quite as quickly because of the weight of the cover glass and they kind of sandwich between cover glass and and microscope slide.